Alerte aux débris spatiaux | ARTE

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Published at : 16 Dec 2021
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Le 15 novembre dernier, les astronautes à bord de l'ISS ont lancé une procédure d'évacuation en urgence. La raison : le passage d'un nuage de débris à proximité de la Station spatiale. Cet incident relance le débat sur l'épineuse question des déchets spatiaux, une menace pour les futures odyssées spatiales mais aussi pour notre sécurité. Ce documentaire expose les dernières avancées et les prochains défis à relever pour neutraliser ces débris qui errent en orbite au-dessus de nos têtes.



"La banlieue de notre planète est un mélange de satellites en activité au milieu d’un grand dépotoir." Aujourd’hui, les débris spatiaux sont devenus le cauchemar des opérateurs de télécommunications et des agences spatiales. Depuis le début de la conquête de l'espace à la fin des années 1950, les lancements d'engins (missiles tests, satellites…) se sont multipliés et nombre d'entre eux, en fin de vie et "oubliés", errent au-dessus de nos têtes... et se percutent. En 2009, la collision entre deux satellites, l'un russe et l'autre américain, s'est soldée par leur désintégration en milliers de débris lancés à des vitesses vertigineuses. Les tempêtes solaires, responsables de défaillances techniques, transforment aussi, du jour au lendemain, des engins parfaitement fonctionnels en dangereux fragments. Des satellites porteurs de charges nucléaires, des étages ou des réservoirs de lanceurs sont déjà retombés sur Terre…sans faire de victimes jusqu'à présent. Face au danger, les acteurs du spatial surveillent désormais en permanence les nuages de déchets, se tenant prêts à dévier dans l'urgence leurs satellites ou installations menacés. Et les ingénieurs du monde entier, engagés dans la traque aux débris, rivalisent d’ingéniosité pour s'imposer comme de futurs éboueurs de l’espace.

Péril spatial

Nourri d'images de synthèse didactiques et de prises de vues époustouflantes grâce à une caméra embarquée dans la Station spatiale internationale, ce passionnant documentaire explore les dernières avancées et les prochains défis à relever pour neutraliser les débris spatiaux. Entre pinces géantes, harpons ou vaisseaux éboueurs, les laboratoires scientifiques expérimentent un peu partout sur la planète des techniques pour capturer et désintégrer les débris dans le seul incinérateur efficace à ce jour : l’atmosphère terrestre. La guerre aux déchets spatiaux est déclarée !



Alerte aux débris spatiaux
Documentaire de Bertrand Loyer (France, 2018, 55mn)
#iss #débris #espace
Disponible jusqu'au 12/02/2022





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